Subject– Method of propagation in fruit plants. Vegetative and Non-vegetative Propagation. Propagation in Tropical Fruit Plants. Propagation in Sub-tropical Fruit Plants. Propagation in Temperate Fruit Plants. Importance of Propagation in Fruit Plants.

INDEX (Propagation Method)

S. No.	Topic
1.	Mango Propagation
2.	Guava Propagation
3.	Banana Propagation
4.	Papaya Propagation
5.	Coconut Propagation
6.	Citrus Propagation
7.	Litchi Propagation
8.	Grapes Propagation
9.	Pomegranate Propagation
10.	Avocado Propagation
11.	Apple Propagation
12.	Pear Propagation
13.	Peach Propagation
14.	Pineapple Propagation
15.	Cashewnut Propagation

Introduction

Propagation technique is a method of multiplying plantation and field crops.

Plantation Plant-crops– Example- Mango, Coconut, Litchi etc.

Field Crops- Example– Rice, wheat, maize etc.

Two types of propagation methods are as follows:

1. Vegetative propagation– vegetative propagation includes, the propagation of plant-crops using vegetative parts of plants e. g., root, leaf, stem etc.
2. Propagation– plants and crops are propagated through seeds.

Importance Requirements and The Objectives of Propagation

• Multiplication– Multiplication of plant or crop species is very essential. Without multiplication plant species could vanish from the eco-system. So it is the basic requirement of propagation.
• Plant distribution– Plant distribution is an environment-friendly program. Government of different countries and states propagate various plant species through plant nurseries and distribute it for free of cost.
• Commercial production– Commercial production of plant-crops is done in private nurseries in commercial scale. Here plants are sale for money. Some plant producers also get tender from different contractors for different works e. g., landscape gardening, avenue plantation and lawn making etc.
• Saving germ plasm– Endangered species of plant can be saved by propagation.
• Producing high yield varieties– Propagation is directly involved in crop improvement program e.g., selection and hybridization.
• Academic research work– Academic research work such as M. Sc. and Ph. D. is based on plant propagation program.

Methods of Propagation of Horticultural Plants

(These methods will be described in next updates)

1. Mango Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Inarching.
• Veneer Grafting: commercial method.
• Epicotyl Grafting.
• Side Grafting.

Non-vegetative Propagation

• Seed: Ripen fruit seeds. Viability seed 1-4 month.

2. Guava Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Air Layring
• Stooling
• Budding:
  • Patch budding.
• Inarching

Non-vegetative Propagation

• Seed: propagated from the seeds of ripen fruits.

3. Banana Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Suckers.
• Peepers.
• Rhizomes.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Generally not applicable.

4. Papaya Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

Generally not applicable.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Papaya is entirely propagated by seed. Viability of seed is up to 1.5 months.

5. Coconut Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

Generally not applicable.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Fully matured and whole Nut-seed is used as seeding material.

6. Citrus Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Layring
  • Air-layring.
  • Ground layring- Kagzi lime.
• Budding
  • T- budding.
• Cuttings.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Seeds from mature fruits.

7. Litchi Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Cutting.
• Layring
  • Air-layring.
• Budding.
• Grafting.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Bold and vigorous seeds are used.

8. Grapes Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

1. Hard wood cutting.
2. Self rooted cuttings.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Not applicable.

9. Pomegranate Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Cuttings
  • Matured wood cutting.
• Laying
  • Air-layering.
  • Ground layering.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Disease free seeds from ripen fruits are used.

10. Avocado Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Cutting.
• Layering.
• Budding.
• Grafting.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed

11. Apple Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Grafting.
• Budding

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Apple seed needs stratification.

12. Pear Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

1. Budding
   • T- budding.
2. Grafting
   • Tongue grafting.
   • Cleft grafting.
   • Wedge grafting
3. Cutting
   • Hardwood cutting.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Seeds are used to raise rootstock.

13. Peach Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

1. Budding
   • T- budding.
2. Grafting
   • Tongue grafting.
   • Cleft grafting.
   • Wedge grafting.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Seeds are used to raise rootstock.

14. Pineapple Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

• Leaf cuttings.
• Crowns.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Not applicable.

15. Cashewnut Propagation

Vegetative Propagation

1. Budding
   • Patch budding.
2. Grafting
   • Veneer grafting.
   • Side grafting.
   • Clift grafting.
   • Whip rafting.
   • Soft wood grafting.
3. Layring
   1. Air-layring.

Non-vegetative Propagation

Seed: Fully matured seeds are used.

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