Wilt of Tomato– This post explains basic characteristics and control measures of different types of Wilt and Leaf Spots in Tomato with Photos/Images. Images of Different Types of Wilt e.g., Fusarium Wilt, Spotted Wilt and Images of Different Types of Leaf Spot e.g., Bacterial Leaf Spot, Septoria Leaf Spot are main content of this post.
Images of this post was taken from a tomato field attacked and damaged by the wilt just after rain during winter season.
INDEX
| 1. | Introduction: Wilt of Tomato |
| 2. | Importance |
| 3. | Cause |
| 4. | Characteristics |
| 5. | Management |
| 6. | Photos/Images |
| 7. | Frequently Asked Questions |
| 8. | Explanation Of Post Related Words |
1. Introduction: Wilt of Tomato
Wilting in tomato is a serious problem. Tomato plants are destroyed by the different types of wilt. Plant of all stages are affected by the disease.
| TYPE | Plant disease, disease of tomato |
| Cause | Fungus, bacteria, bad weather e.g., rain. |
| Damage | Severe |
| Origin | Soil born |
| Occurrence | More occurrence after rains |
2. Importance
This is a very important disease of tomato. Tomato growers face heavy loss due to rapid wilting. Percentage of damage is very high. All plants of a field can be affected at the same time. Economic loss is very signicance. Although, the damage can be covered with Crop Insurance.
3. Causes
3.1 Wilt
Non Biological Factors
Rain: Unwanted, regular and persistent rain is major cause of the wilt. It is a non-biological factor. It triggers biological factors.
Mist: Mist for a long period or persistent mist can cause severe damage. It also triggers activity of harmful microorganisms.
Biological Factors
We will consider fungus, bacteria and virus as biological factors.
Fungus: Fusarium wilt of tomato is common type of wilt caused by fungus, Fusarium oxysporum sp. lycopersici.
Bacteria: Bacterial wilt of tomato is common type wilt caused by bacteria, Burkholderia solanacearum.
Virus: Tomato spotted wilt disease is major wilt caused by the virus- Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus.
3.2 Leaf Spots
Bacteria: Bacterial leaf spot disease of tomato caused by Xanthomas campestris pv. vesicatoria.
Fungus: Septoria leaf spot is caused by the fungus Septoria lycopersici.
4. Characteristics
4.1 Characteristics of Wilt
Leaves: Leaves become dry. It looks like leaves of tobacco.
Branches: Branches turn into dark brown.
Fruit: Fruit dropping and rotting are common symptoms.
4.2 Characteristics of Tomato Leaf Spot
Small to medium dark spots appear on leaf surface.
5. Management
Wilt
Bacterial Wilt: Cultural practices e.g., crop rotation.
Spotted Wilt: Killing vector of virus. Destroying affected plants.
Fusarium Wilt: Adopt crop rotation. Soil drenching with fungicide.
Leaf Spot
Bacterial Leaf Spot: Seed treatment with mercuric cloride.
Septoria Leaf Spot: Seed treatment with thiram. Spraying mancozeb 0.2%.
6. Photos/Images
6.1 Image 01 to 02: Affected Field
Heavy rain for 3-4 days during winter season caused the disease.
6.2 Image 03 to 07: Stagnant Water on Tomato Field
6.3 Image 08 to 10: Fruit Drop and Rotting
6.4 Image 11 to 12: Wilt and Lead Spot
7. Frequently Asked Questions
Question 01. What is the procedure of crop insurance?
Answer: Easiest way of crop insurance is to contact with horticulture department.
8. Explanation Of Post Related Words
Cultural practices
Hoeing, crop rotation, pruning, training etc. are examples of cultural practices.
-BY SHASYADHARA AGRICULTURE
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